| Symptom | Most likely causes | First checks |
|---|---|---|
| Arc feels weak | 120 V limitation, long cord, low branch voltage | Test direct on strong source |
| Hard starts / sticking | Damp rod, low current, bad clamp point | Use dry rod and clean steel |
| TIG complaint but stick works | Torch/gas setup issue | Prove SMAW first |
| Trips hot | Duty-cycle limit, blocked airflow, hot adapter | Inspect cooling path and plug |