| Symptom | Most likely causes | First checks |
|---|---|---|
| Weak arc on thicker rod | Low-voltage limitation, long cord, low branch voltage | Test on 230 V or direct heavy outlet |
| Hard starts or sticking | Poor work return, damp rod, low amperage | Clean clamp point and use fresh rod |
| Runs then derates hot | Duty-cycle limit, blocked airflow, heated plug or adapter | Inspect cooling path and power connection |
| Lift-TIG poor but stick okay | Torch or gas setup issue, polarity error | Prove SMAW first, then check TIG path |
SMAW baseline and lift-TIG accessory branch.