| Symptom | Most likely causes | First checks |
|---|---|---|
| Wire feeds but arc is weak | Hot output lugs, poor clamp, low supply under load | Inspect lugs and work return, verify line voltage |
| Arc harsh or porous | Wrong polarity, gas loss, worn front-end parts | Verify polarity, gas flow, tip/diffuser/nozzle condition |
| Feed surges | High-hour liner wear, drive-roll wear, spool drag | Remove tip, test bare-wire feed, inspect rolls and liner |
| Output unstable hot | Connector heating, fan/cooling issue, duty-cycle misuse | Check airflow and temperature of connectors |
feed path, gas path, and current path, not as a single black box.