| Symptom | Likely causes | First checks |
|---|---|---|
| MIG is unstable | Wrong mode/setup, poor clamp, feeder path, gas issue | Normalize to manual MIG baseline |
| Stick or TIG weak | Wrong polarity or lead configuration | Verify output lead placement |
| Poor thick-material performance | Running on 120 V or weak branch circuit | Move to 240 V and retest |
| Feed issue | Roll tension, liner, tip, spool drag | Remove tip and test bare-wire feed |
manual baseline versus advanced behavior, then process lead placement, then accessory path.