| Symptom | Most likely causes | First checks |
|---|---|---|
| Hand cutting okay, CNC poor | CNC torch, trigger, or interface issue | Prove handheld baseline and inspect CNC path |
| No start | Air, clamp, consumables, or 2T/4T confusion | Set air, check clamp, inspect front end, verify trigger mode |
| Poor cut quality | Wet air, worn consumables, wrong standoff or travel speed | Replace parts, verify air, use known standoff |
| Weak output on 120 V | Supply expectation, not machine fault | Retest on 240 V and compare |
hand-cut baseline, CNC/interface path, and air/consumable path.